What structural heart condition is associated with rheumatic atrial fibrillation?

Rheumatic atrial fibrillation is closely associated with mitral valve issues, particularly as a consequence of rheumatic heart disease. This condition typically arises from rheumatic fever, which can develop following untreated streptococcal throat infections. During rheumatic fever, the heart valves, especially the mitral valve, can become inflamed and damaged over time, leading to structural abnormalities.

As the mitral valve becomes stenotic (narrowed) or regurgitant (incompetent), the hemodynamic changes and increased left atrial pressure can predispose the patient to the development of atrial fibrillation. This arrhythmia is marked by irregular and often rapid heartbeats, which can significantly increase the risk of thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage, ultimately elevating the risk of stroke.

Other conditions listed, such as atrial septal defects, tricuspid valve prolapse, and coronary artery disease, do not share the same direct and prevalent connection with rheumatic atrial fibrillation, making mitral valve pathology the most relevant answer in this context.