Which types of patients are typically ineligible for LAAO?

The correct answer focuses on the specific conditions that make patients ineligible for Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion (LAAO). Patients with active infections, severe pulmonary hypertension, or anatomical contraindications are typically excluded from this procedure because these factors can significantly complicate the intervention and increase the risk of adverse outcomes.

Active infections present a risk of spreading bacteria during a surgical procedure, while severe pulmonary hypertension can complicate hemodynamic stability during and after the intervention. Anatomical contraindications, such as abnormal heart structures or issues related to the anatomy of the left atrial appendage itself, can hinder the proper placement of occlusion devices and may lead to procedural failures or complications.

In contrast, patients undergoing major surgery may not necessarily be disqualified from LAAO but may require careful consideration and timing relative to their surgical schedule. Patients with normal pulmonary function are generally suitable candidates, as normal respiratory health can aid in recovery post-procedure. Those with a recent history of heart failure are not outright disqualified and may be evaluated on a case-by-case basis depending on their overall health and any additional risks. Thus, the specific combination of active infection, severe pulmonary hypertension, and anatomical issues clearly defines the group that would be ineligible for LAAO.